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1.
Rev. bras. psiquiatr ; 41(1): 15-21, Jan.-Mar. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-985361

ABSTRACT

Objective: Disorders characterized by "distressing unexplained somatic symptoms" are challenging. In the ICD-11 Primary Health Care (PHC) Guidelines for Diagnosis and Management of Mental Disorders (ICD-11 PHC), a new category, bodily stress syndrome (BSS), was included to diagnose patients presenting unexplained somatic symptoms. The present study investigated the association of BSS with anxiety, depression, and four subgroups of physical symptoms in a Brazilian primary health care (PHC) sample. Methodology: As part of the international ICD-11 PHC study, 338 patients were evaluated by their primary care physicians, followed by testing with Clinical Interview Schedule (CIS-R) and World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule, Version 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0). BSS was diagnosed in the presence of at least three somatic symptoms associated with incapacity. The association between anxiety, depression, and four subgroups of physical symptoms with being a BSS case was analyzed. Results: The number of somatic symptoms was high in the overall sample of 338 patients (mean = 8.4), but even higher in the 131 BSS patients (10.2; p < 0.001). Most BSS patients (57.3%) had at least three symptoms from two, three, or four subgroups, and these were associated with anxiety and depression in 80.9% of these patients. The symptom subgroup most strongly associated with "being a BSS" case was the non-specific group (OR = 6.51; 95%CI 1.65-24.34), followed by musculoskeletal (OR = 2,31; 95%CI 1.19-4.72). Conclusion: Somatic symptoms were frequent in a sample of PHC patients in Brazil. In the present sample, one third were BSS cases and met the criteria for at least two symptom subgroups, supporting the hypothesis that different functional symptoms are related to each other.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Anxiety Disorders/diagnosis , Somatoform Disorders/diagnosis , International Classification of Diseases , Depressive Disorder/diagnosis , Anxiety Disorders/classification , Primary Health Care , Somatoform Disorders/classification , Syndrome , Cross-Sectional Studies , Depressive Disorder/classification , Middle Aged
2.
Vertex rev. argent. psiquiatr ; 24(111): 345-50, 2013 Sep-Oct.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1176932

ABSTRACT

Pain disorders are extraordinarily prevalent throughout clinical medicine, and are highly co-morbid with various psychiatric disorders, particularly those including depression or anxiety. Assessment of such patients tends to be based on diagnostic criteria that may not reflect the complexity of the clinical problem and can result in prioritizing somatic aspects of painful syndromes at the expense of psychiatric aspects or, conversely, over-emphasize psychiatric aspects. In the first part of this overview we consider current nosological perspectives and their potential clinical consequences, epidemiological data that underscore the association of comorbid painful and affective or anxious syndromes, and consider the importance of psychiatric assessment and treatment of such patients. The major overlap between pain disorders and psychiatric disorders, as well as the unsatisfactory state of treatments available for chronic pain syndromes, encourage a comprehensive approach to assessing and clinically managing patients with chronic pain. Many programs for pain disorder patients offer narrowly specialized treatment options. To be preferred are multi-disciplinary teams with expertise in internal medicine, neurology, pain management, and rehabilitation, as well as psychology and psychiatry. In the second part of this overview, we propose that psychiatrists can serve a key role in leading comprehensive assessment and management of complex and challenging pain-psychiatric patients who are typically only partially responsive to available treatments.


Subject(s)
Chronic Pain/classification , Chronic Pain/epidemiology , Somatoform Disorders/classification , Somatoform Disorders/epidemiology , Chronic Pain/complications , Humans , Mental Disorders/complications , Somatoform Disorders/complications
3.
Braz. J. Psychiatry (São Paulo, 1999, Impr.) ; 33(supl.1): s59-s69, maio 2011. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-596431

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Os sintomas sem explicação médica são frequentes e estão associados a sofrimento mental em vários contextos. Estudos prévios apontam que as populações latino-americanas são propensas à somatização. Diante da reformulação da Classificação Internacional de Doenças para sua 11ª edição, as particularidades dos nativos desta região do mundo devem ser levadas em consideração. O objetivo deste estudo é prover informações sobre somatização na população latino-americana para a tomada de decisões quanto às categorias diagnósticas ligadas a sintomas sem explicação médica na Classificação Internacional de Doenças-11ª edição. MÉTODO: Revisão extensa da produção de 1995 a 2011 sobre somatização em populações de origem latino-americana. RESULTADOS: A análise dos 106 estudos incluídos nesta revisão foi dividida em 15 categorias: revisões sistemáticas, revisões conceituais, prevalências, atenção primária, depressão e ansiedade, fatores de risco, violência, quadros orgânicos, relacionamento com profissionais e o sistema de saúde, etnia, síndromes ligadas à cultura, síndrome da fadiga crônica, fibromialgia, transtorno dismórfico corporal, e conversão e dissociação. CONCLUSÃO: Os estudos latino-americanos confirmam a dificuldade na definição categorial de quadros com sintomas sem explicação médica. O suposto "traço somatizador" das culturas latinas pode estar associado mais à expressão cultural e linguística do que a um caráter de natureza étnica, e tais particularidades devem estar na agenda na nova classificação destes fenômenos na Classificação Internacional de Doenças-11ª edição.


OBJECTIVE: medically unexplained symptoms are common and associated with mental illness in various contexts. Previous studies show that Latin American populations are prone to somatization. Given the reformulation of the International Classification of Diseases towards its 11th edition the peculiarities of the population from this region of the world shall be taken into consideration. The objective of this study is to provide information on somatization in Latin American populations to help the decision making about medically unexplained symptoms diagnostic categories in the 11th edition of the International Classification of Diseases. METHOD: Extensive review of the academic production from 1995 to 2011 on somatization in populations of Latin American origin. RESULTS: The analysis of 106 studies included in this review was divided into 15 categories: systematic reviews, conceptual reviews, prevalence, primary care, depression and anxiety, risk factors, violence, organic conditions, relationship with health care, ethnicity, culture-bound syndromes, chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia, body dysmorphic disorder, and conversion and dissociation. CONCLUSION: The Latin American studies confirm the difficulty in defining medically unexplained symptoms categories. The supposed "somatizing trace" of Latin cultures may be linked more to cultural and linguistic expression than to an ethnic nature, and these peculiarities must be on the agenda for the new classification of these phenomena in the Classification of Diseases-11th edition.


Subject(s)
Humans , International Classification of Diseases , Somatoform Disorders/classification , Latin America , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Somatoform Disorders/diagnosis , Syndrome
4.
Braz. J. Psychiatry (São Paulo, 1999, Impr.) ; 29(4): 354-358, dez. 2007. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-471324

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The Somatoform Dissociation Questionnaire is a self-report questionnaire that has proven to be a reliable and valid instrument. The objectives of this study were to validate the Portuguese version and to determine its capability to distinguish patients with dissociative disorders from others with psychopathological disorders. METHOD: 234 patients answered the translated version of Somatoform Dissociation Questionnaire. The Portuguese Dissociative Disorders Interview Schedule was used to validate clinical diagnosis. Patients with dissociative disorder (n = 113) were compared to a control group of 121 patients with various anxiety and depression disorders. RESULTS: Reliability measured by Cronbach's a was 0.88. The best performance of the Portuguese form was at a cut-off point of 35, which distinguishes between dissociative disorder and neurotic disorders with a good diagnostic efficacy (sensitivity = 0.73). The somatoform dissociation was significantly more frequent in dissociative disorder patients, conversion disorder patients and post-traumatic stress disorder patients. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that dissociative disorders can be differentiated from other psychiatric disorders through somatoform dissociation. The Portuguese version of the Somatoform Dissociation Questionnaire has fine psychometric features that sustain its cross-cultural validity.


OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo foi adaptar, validar e determinar a confiabilidade da versão portuguesa do Somatoform Dissociation Questionnaire e determinar a sua capacidade de discriminar doentes que dissociam de outros doentes. Método: O Somatoform Dissociation Questionnaire foi traduzido para o português e retrovertido para o inglês de forma a garantir a sua base conceitual. Os sujeitos responderam também à versão portuguesa do Dissociative Disorders Interview Schedule de forma a validar o seu diagnóstico clínico. O estudo incluiu 234 sujeitos divididos entre 113 doentes com patologias dissociativas e 121 doentes com outras patologias do foro ansioso e depressivo. RESULTADOS: O Somatoform Dissociation Questionnaire versão portuguesa mostrou o seu melhor desempenho no ponto de corte 35, apresentando uma sensibilidade de 0,73. O alfa de Cronbach revelou uma consistência interna de 0,88. A dissociação somatoforme foi significativamente mais freqüente nos doentes com patologias dissociativas, patologias conversivas e distúrbio de stress pós-traumático. CONCLUSÕES: A versão portuguesa do Somatoform Dissociation Questionnaire mostrou-se um instrumento útil para discriminar doentes com patologia de foro dissociativo de outros doentes.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Anxiety Disorders/diagnosis , Dissociative Disorders/diagnosis , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales/standards , Surveys and Questionnaires/standards , Somatoform Disorders/diagnosis , Anxiety Disorders/classification , Anxiety Disorders/psychology , Brazil , Case-Control Studies , Depressive Disorder/classification , Depressive Disorder/diagnosis , Depressive Disorder/psychology , Diagnosis, Differential , Dissociative Disorders/classification , Dissociative Disorders/psychology , Hysteria/classification , Hysteria/diagnosis , Hysteria/psychology , Psychometrics , Reproducibility of Results , Self-Assessment , Somatoform Disorders/classification , Somatoform Disorders/psychology , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic , Translating
5.
J. bras. psiquiatr ; 55(4): 308-312, 2006. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-457297

ABSTRACT

Quadros clínicos caracterizados por sintomas somáticos inexplicados devido a condições médicas gerais são muito freqüentes na prática médica e representam, em geral, um quarto a metade dos atendimentos em ambos os cuidados - primários e secundários. Atualmente são classificados na psiquiatria como transtornos somatoformes (TSs) e na clínica médica, como síndromes somáticas funcionais (SSFs). A categoria diagnóstica dos TSs tem sido questionada, suscitando proposta para sua extinção nas futuras classificações internacionais. As SSFs caracterizam-se mais por sintomas, sofrimento e incapacidade do que por patologias específicas, e incluem fibromialgia, síndrome do intestino irritável (SII), síndrome da fadiga crônica, várias síndromes dolorosas, entre outras. A sobreposição dos quadros clínicos leva ao questionamento da existência de um ou vários diagnósticos, tanto entre diferentes SSFs como entre elas e os TSs, apontando também para a questão da co-morbidade. Um mesmo paciente, ao ser atendido por um psiquiatra, pode receber um diagnóstico de TS, mas, se encaminhado para um clínico, poderia receber o diagnóstico de SSF. Apresenta-se um campo impreciso, sugerindo, portanto, que deverão ocorrer modificações em termos de conceitualização, classificação diagnóstica e abordagem terapêutica. O estudo dos sintomas somáticos inexplicados clinicamente demonstra a necessidade de abordagens integradas. São mencionadas algumas experiências nesse campo do Programa de Atendimento e Estudos de Somatização da Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP).


Clinical features characterized by symptoms unexplained by general medical conditions are very common in the clinical practice, accounting for a quarter to half of visits in both primary and secondary medical care facilities. They are currently classified as somatoform disorders (SD) in psychiatry, and as functional somatic syndromes (FSS) in Internal medicine. The diagnostic category of SD has been questioned, and its exclusion has even been proposed in future international classifications. FSS are characterized by symptoms, suffering and incapability rather than by specific diseases, and include but are not limited to fibromyalgia, irritable bowel syndrome, chronic fatigue syndrome, and several pain syndromes. Overlapping of clinical features raises the question of whether one or several diagnoses are present, both among different FSS and between FSS and SD, also pointing to the comorbidity issue. The same patient may be diagnosed with SD when seen by a psychiatrist, but when referred to a general practitioner he/she could be diagnosed with FSS. An overlapping field is presented, suggesting that modifications should occur in terms of conceptualization, diagnostic classification and therapeutic approach. The study of medically unexplained symptoms demonstrates the need for integrated approaches. Some related experiences of the Program of Care and Studies on Somatization (Universidade Federal de São Paulo [UNIFESP]) are presented.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Comorbidity , Fibromyalgia , Internal Medicine , Psychiatry , Somatoform Disorders/classification , Somatoform Disorders/diagnosis , Somatoform Disorders/psychology , Brazil
7.
Rev. ginecol. obstet ; 9(4): 191-8, out.-dez. 1998. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-236686

ABSTRACT

O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar o nivel de compreensao de dez gestantes de "alto risco" com relacao a doenca hipertensiva, bem como avaliar sua adesao ao tratamento medico. Os dados foram colhidos a partir do prontuario medico, de uma entrevista semi-dirigida e do teste Q. S. G. (Questionario de Saude Geral). A analise dos dados sugere que o grau de desinformacao a respeito da doenca e bastante significativo. Com relacao a nao adesao ao tratamento medico, uma serie de fatores e implicada, indo desde o desconhecimento sobre as formas de controle da doenca e seus sintomas, passando pela orientacao medica e execucao da mesma, e incluindo fatores de cunho socio-economicos. Tambem e importante destacar o fato da doenca hipertensiva ser considerada uma doenca "silenciosa", o que pode contribuir para a baixa adesao...


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular/therapy , Hypertension/psychology , Pregnancy, High-Risk/psychology , Interview, Psychological , Mother-Child Relations , Patient Compliance , Surveys and Questionnaires , Socioeconomic Factors , Somatoform Disorders/classification , Somatoform Disorders/diagnosis , Stress, Psychological
8.
J. bras. med ; 73(3): 58-70, set. 1997. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-557499

ABSTRACT

Os autores apresentam as correlações do estresse com a patogênese de várias doenças. Antes, expõem os aspectos fundamentais da Psiconeuroimunologia, para uma compreensão das interconexões no complexo microambiente onde ocorrem as influências do estresse. Concluem que, apesar de todas as implicações do estresse na desestruturação da homeostasia imunológica ainda não estarem completamente definidas, e das limitações metodológicas, há consenso de que fatores estressantes propiciam a vulnerabilidade do organismo a determinadas doenças.


The authors introduce the correlations between stress and the pathogenesis of various diseases. Previously, they expose the fundamental factors of Psychoneuroimmunology for the comprehension of the inter-connections in the complex microenvoironment where the influence of stress occurs. They conclude that despite all the implications of stress on the desestruturation of immunologic homeostasy are not already completely defined and despite metodologic limitations, there are a consensus that stressor factors provide vulnerability to the organism concerned to certain disorders.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Stress, Psychological/complications , Stress, Psychological/physiopathology , Stress, Psychological/immunology , Psychophysiologic Disorders/physiopathology , Psychophysiologic Disorders/immunology , Psychophysiologic Disorders/therapy , Depression/immunology , Depression/psychology , Neuroimmunomodulation , Immune System/physiopathology , Somatoform Disorders/classification
10.
In. Assumpçäo Junior, Francisco B. Psiquiatria da infância e da adolescência. Säo Paulo, Santos, 1994. p.349-53.
Monography in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-200598
11.
Rev. chil. neuro-psiquiatr ; 31(1): 37-41, ene.-mar. 1993. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-135505

ABSTRACT

Numerosos estudios psicométricos han demostrado reiteradamente discrepancias significativas en la definición y concepción de terminología en psiquiatría clínica. En este trabajo se presenta el sistema de categorización psicopatológica AMDP en su versión española, anexando un formulario de evaluación graduada y un listado de ejemplos comunes. Analizando comparativamente las diferentes estrategías e instrumentos de evaluación psicopatológica se intenta discutir las cualidades e imperfecciones del sistema AMDP. Finalmente es subraya la necesidad de homogenizar las definiciones psicopatológicas con el objeto de aumentar la confiabilidad y la comparabilidad de la información psiquiátrica utilizada en clínica, docencia e investigación


Subject(s)
Humans , Documentation , Mental Disorders/classification , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales , Delirium/diagnosis , Language , Somatoform Disorders/classification , Terminology
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